One of the most recent contemporary schools of psychology is what is known as Epistemic Behavioral Psychological Treatment that has been established for about twenty years. It is concerned with conscious notions and considers them the axis of the pathological symptoms. In the theory of this school, the cause of psychological confusion lies in what the mind contains and its method, and treatment is performed by change of epistemic systems that have suffered distortion.
This psychological school may, somehow, be in agreement with the psychological medicine we find in religious sources with discrepancy of basics between them, because this school is based on a material cognitive notion, whereas the psychological medicine in the religious sources is based on spiritual cognitive notion related to the material only in its behavioral results.

This research deals briefly with two psychological correlatives: Hysteria and depression, through which I am going to present psychological medicine in religious sources.
I have chosen some of the Qur'anic texts and Prophetic Hadith from religious sources, as well as extracts from the Bibles printed in Arabic.

First- Hura' is the Arabic word for what is called in Latin 'Hysteria':
Linguistic denotation of Hura' – the Arabic name for hysteria - refers to malady, but the Latin word 'Hysteria' is one of the inherited old words whose connotation has been proved invalid.
Originally, the word 'hysteria' in Latin was related to the woman's womb, for in the past, it was believed that this type of sickness befell the woman only not the man, and that its cause was the overturning of the woman's womb. Later on, it was evident that men were also subject to this sickness.
On the other hand, the connotation of the Arabic name, Hura', includes description of the malady. In Arabic, Hura' means the weak and timid person who is unable to control himself. Hare'u means the one who easily weeps. Ahra'a means Ar'ad, i.e., tremble with anger. The contemporary psychological description of this correlative is that it befalls one who has weak personality to conceal his weakness by quick emotional excitement and anger for trivial causes. Because of this weakness, the one who is stricken by this malady reveals duality of attitude: he is characterized by intensive selfishness and he usually avoids communicating with people, and in spite of his weakness, he is usually fond of self-praise and he desires to draw the attention of the others. This leads to many other maladies that exceeds drawing the attention of the others. For example, it may lead the patient to depression and disappointment because most often what he desires does not come true.

Consequently, the character of the one stricken with Hura' is characterized by immaturity and he suffers from imperfect building of personality.
Secondly – Depression
Depression is described as a state of inactivity, gloom and dejection. It is a pathological state the result of passionate exhaustion, long emotional nervous tension, or accumulation of a number of tribulations and calamities. Depression might be the result of being remote from homeland when one migrates to remote places.
Symptoms of Hura': isolation, pessimism, intensive psychological sensitivity accompanied usually by accusing the others. This might lead the sick person to have great wish to die or he might commit suicide.
Summary:
The adversity of Hura' is a state of imperfect building of personality.
As for the state of depression, it might be caused by either of the two following states:
1-Imperfect personality,
2- or severity one faces when his perfect personality has not been prepared to bear.
By joining the two correlatives, the causes of the crisis of Hura' can be summarized in two matters:
Imperfection in building the personality.
Imperfection in preparing the personality after its building up to bear adversity and distress.
Successful psychological medicine is the one that produces the medicine of precaution first of all. At malady, it produces support and proper measures without leaving any negative traces on the sick person.
What distinguishes the import of the religious sources is that they present what we have already mentioned, i.e., psychological precaution, after which they present psychological therapeutic medicine and distinguished support of the patient at the time of the distress or adversity.
The religious sources we are going to mention in this research can be summarized in four objects, two of which are related to precaution, and two to arrangement and treatment.
Precaution:
1-building up personality psychologically right.
2-Habilitate the personality so that it can bear distress before it happens.
Arrangement and treatment:
1-Practical Behavioral arrangement.
2- Epistemic intellectual treatment.
First – The first part of precaution: (personality building):
This precaution protects man from being inflicted by Hura' and makes less the possibility of making him depressed.
a-Choosing good parents for the coming human being, male or female:
The Holy Qur'an:
"Allah did choose Adam and Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of Imran above all people; Offspring, one of the other; and Allah heareth and knoweth all things" (Al Imran, 33-34).
After these verses, the Exalted Allah mentioned the grandmother {Imran's wife}, the mother {Mariam} and the grandson (Christ) in Surat Al Imran, 35-49.
The Prophetic Hadith:
A man asked the Messenger of Allah (PBUH): "Oh Messenger of Allah, who is the most honored of the Prophets?"
He said: "Joseph, the Prophet of Allah, son of the Prophet of Allah, son of the Prophet of Allah, son of Al Khalil (the most intimate slave of Allah).
The Prophet (PBUH) also said: "Marry good women, for children inherit the qualities of their mothers".
And : "Choose for your semen".
b- Parental care of the child:
Choosing a good name for the child: This plays a great role in building the personality of the child, for the ugly name gives a bad impression of imperfection whenever it is mentioned.

The Holy Qur'an:
"O Zakariya! we give thee good news of a son: His name shall be Yahya; on none by that name have we conferred distinction before" (Mariam, 7).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"On the Day of Resurrection, you will be called by your names and the names of your fathers. So make your names good."
The Prophet (PBUH) used to change the bad name into a good one. A man said to him: "I am call Dirar (harm). The Prophet (PBUH) said: "No, you are Muslim".
Omar had a daughter called 'Asiya (disobedient), but the Prophet called her beautiful.

2-The mother's suckling of the child:
The mother's suckling of the child has a great influence in producing compassion in the child.
The Holy Qur'an:
"The mothers shall give suck to their offspring for two whole years, if the father desires to complete the term" (Al Baqarah, 233).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"A woman asked the Prophet (PBUH) to stone her after she had been pregnant with an illegal child. He gave her respite till she gave birth to the child. Then he said to her: "Go and suckle him till you wean him".

3-Achieving security by making the child remote from the parents' disputes. Moreover, they have to avoid divorce.
The Holy Qur'an:
"live with them on a footing of kindness and equity. If ye take a dislike to them it may be that ye dislike a thing, and Allah brings about through it a great deal of good" (An Nisa', 19).‏
The Prophetic Hadith:
"If a woman asks her husband to divorce her with no reasonable reason, she will be forbidden from smelling the scent of Paradise".

4-Surrounding the child with psychological care of tenderness and compassion.
The Holy Qur'an:
“And those who pray, Our Lord! Grant unto us wives and offspring who will be the comfort of our eyes, and give us (the Grace) to lead the righteous (Al Furqan, 74).
The Prophetic Hadith:
A Bedouin came to the Prophet (PBUH) and said: “Do you kiss children? But we do not kiss our children.”
The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Then what can I do if Allah has deprived you of mercy?"
He also said: "The one who neither respects the elders nor does he have mercy on children does not belong to us".
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5-Equality among children:
This procedure protects the personality of the child from selfishness and the desire of taking vengeance.
In the Holy Qur'an, the Exalted Allah presents a whole Surah called 'Yusef' in which He draws the attention to equality among children.
The Prophetic Hadith:
"The Exalted Allah wants you to be fair with your children even in kisses".
c- Making the child enjoy full childhood:
This protects the child from having psychological childhood when he grows up.


"Send him with us tomorrow to enjoy himself and play, and we shall take every care of him" (Yusef, 12).
The Prophetic Hadith:
The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "Have pastime and entertain yourself, for I dislike the others to see roughness in your religion".
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d-Satisfying the imagination:
In the holy Qur'an, there is a lot about the invisible, such as tales about paradise and other places.
The Prophetic Hadith:
When the Prophet (PBUH) saw a horse with two patched wings among the dolls of A'isha, he said to her: "What is this?"
She said: "A horse".
He asked: "What are these on its sides?"
She said: "Two wings".
He said: "A horse with two wings!"
She said: "Haven't you heard that Solomon's horses had wings".
The Messenger of Allah laughed till his molars appeared.
e-Encouraging talents:
This protects the personality of the child from becoming weak and timid, and ensures his having self-assertion.
In the Holy Qur'an, the principle of competition is admitted:
"The seal thereof will be musk; and for this let those aspire, who have aspirations" (Al Mutaffifin, 26).
"Then do we bring you out as babes, then (foster you) that ye may reach your age Of full strength" (Al Haj, 5).


The Prophetic Hadith:
The Prophet (PBUH) witnessed the wrestling of two lads before the Expedition of Uhd. He also encouraged a young man to fling arrows saying: "Fling, Oh powerful boy, let my father and mother be sacrificed for you".
Omar Ibn Al Khattab sent a letter to the people of Ash Sham country saying: "Teach your children swimming, throwing archery and horsemanship."
f-building up good conduct:

The Holy Qur'an:
"If any do good, good will (accrue) to them therefrom" (An Namel, 90).
The Prophetic Hadith:
From Abi Hurairah, from the Prophet (PBUH) who said: "While a man was walking along the road, he found a thorny bough. He removed it from the way and thanked Allah. Consequently, the Exalted Allah forgave his sins".
g-Refining habits:
The Exalted Allah said:
"And be moderate in the pace, and lower thy voice" (Luqman, 19).
The Prophetic Hadith:
Omar Ibn Abi Salmah said: "I was a small child reared under the supervision of the Messenger of Allah. I used to stretch my hand and eat from everywhere in the bowl. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: "Eat from what is in front of you".
h-Educating and disciplining:
This task may be effected by the parents, or another person who has the responsibility of refining and teaching the child.

The Holy Qur'an:
"to the care of Zakariya was she assigned" (Al Imran, 37).
"Say: are those equal, those who know and those who do not know?" (Az Zumur, 9).
"Allah will raise up, to {suitable} ranks {and degrees}, those of you who believe and who have been granted {mystic} knowledge" (Al Mujadilah, 11).
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The Prophetic Hadith:
"The child is a master for seven years, a slave for seven years, and a minister for seven years. If you accept to support him till he becomes twenty one, do that, but if you don't, strike his side (make him be responsible for himself), for you are excused with the Exalted Allah".
"Knowledge is acquired by learning".
i-Determining the goal:

The Holy Qur'an:
"Verily, this is my way, leading straight. Follow it; follow not {other} paths; they will scatter you about from his {great} path" (Al An'am, 153).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"Whoever makes his worries one, the Exalted Allah will satisfy him and release him from the worldly worries as well as the worries of the Hereafter".
In the Gospels of Matthew, Luke and Mark, Jesus Christ said:
"What avails man if he wins all the world and loses himself?
In the Gospel of Luke, Jesus Christ said:
"How can you say to your brother, 'let me take out the mote from your eyes', while you cannot see the piece of wood in your eyes?"
j-Self-control:
This protects the child from the desire of drawing the attention of the others.

The Holy Qur'an:
"And put thy trust on the Exalted in Might, the Merciful, Who seeth thee standing forth (in prayer )Ash Shu'ara', 217-218).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"Preserve Allah, you find Him before you".
In the Gospel of Mark, the first recommendation that Jesus Christ used to remind his disciples of was:
"Our Lord is the only Lord, so love the Lord, your Lord with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind and with all your might".
Secondly- the second part of precaution: (Habilitation to make the child be able to bear psychological distresses before they happen):
Abu Hurairah narrated that the Prophet (PBUH) said: "The strong believer is better and more loved by Allah than the weak one", referring to the strength of body and soul.
In another Hadith, the Prophet (PBUH) determines the concept of power saying that power is that of the soul.
"The strong is not the one who overcomes the people by his muscles, but the strong is the one who controls himself while in anger."‏
"The Prophet (PBUH) passed by a woman who was crying at a grave (the grave of her dead son). He said to her: 'Fear Allah and be patient'.
She said: 'Get away from me. You are neither inflicted with my catastrophe nor do you know it'.
It was to her: 'He is the Prophet (PBUH)'.
She went to him and said: 'Excuse me. I didn't know you'.
He said to her: 'Patient is at the first shock' (i.e., the Exalted Allah rewards the one who is patient at the beginning of the adversity).
Acquiring this psychological habilitation is attained by many things:
1-Training to avoid what excites the others:

The Holy Qur'an:
"And pursue not that of which thou hast no knowledge; for every act of hearing, or of seeing or of {feeling in} the heart will be enquired into {on the day of reckoning}" (Al Isra', 36).

The Prophetic Hadith:
"Let nobody tell me about anything, for I want to come out to you with clear mind".
Al Mannawi quoted that religious scholars known for their piety emphasized the necessity of lowering the gaze from the buildings of the arrogant, and considered the people who exaggerated in riding expensive vehicles and clothes included in them.
Doubtless when one avoids desiring what is improbable to attain one saves himself from a psychological distress.
2-Avoiding mistrust or imagining that the others have evil intention:

The Holy Qur'an:
"ye who believe! Avoid suspicion as much {as possible};for suspicion is some cases is a sin" (Al Hujurat, 12).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"Good opinion of the others indicates good worship".
3-Spiritual sport:

The Holy Qur'an:
"And it is better for you that ye fast, if ye only knew" (Al Baqarah, 184).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"Fasting a month and three days from each month removes heart's vexation".
In the Gospel of Mathew, Jesus Christ said:
"First of all, purify the interior of the glass so that the exterior becomes pure too".
And: "Blessed be the owners of pure hearts".
4-Preparing the child to believe in the Other Day alleviates the bad influence of a close probable adversity on him:

The Holy Qur'an:
"And verily the Hereafter will be better for thee than the present" (Ad Duha, 4).
The Prophetic Hadith:
One of the supplications of the prophet (PBUH) was:
"Oh Allah, do not make this life the greatest of our worry, nor do you make it the end of our knowledge".
Jesus Christ said:
"This life is a path, so pass through it, but do not build it".
5 – التأهيل للاعتقاد بكفاية الخالق لخلقه :
5-Praparing the child to have firm belief that the Creator guarantees to provide His creatures with subsistence.
The Exalted Allah said:
"And in heaven is your Sustenance, as {also} that which ye are promised. Then, by the Lord of heaven and earth, this is the very Truth, as much as the fact that ye can speak intelligently to each other" (Ahd Dhariyat, 22-23).
"How many are the creatures that carry not their own sustenance? It is Allah who feeds {both} then and you: for He hears and knows {All things}" (Al Ankabut, 60).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"If you have full trust in Allah, He will provided you with subsistence as He does with the bird that goes out hungry and returns satiated".
In the Gospel of Mathew, Jesus Christ said:
"Look at the birds of the sky, and see how they neither cultivate nor do they harvest".
He also said:
"No one of you can add to his life the amount of one cubit. Why should you be concerned with clothes? Learn a lesson from the lilies of the field. See how they grow without any effort or spinning. I say to you, 'With all the glory of Solomon, he did not wear a gown like theirs. If the grass of the field is clothed in such a nice apparel , with all the more reason He {the Exalted Allah} will clothe you, Oh you, who have little faith".

Thirdly-The first part of arrangement and treatment:
Practical behavioral arrangement:
1-Passive arrangement:
It is withdrawal and retreat the patient is advised to do at the attack of anger and intensive feelings of rage. This kind of treatment is beneficial for the malady of Hura'.

The Holy Qur'an:
"who restrain anger" (Al Imran, 134).
The Prophetich Hadith:
"If one of you becomes angry, let him keep silent".
And:
"Whoever restrains his anger while he is able to discharge it, the Exalted Allah will call (honor) him among all the creatures on the Doomsday".
2-Positive arrangement:
This arrangement that is useful for the malady of Hura' includes advising the one who handles the treatment to use speech and action with the patient.

The Holy Qur'an:
"If a suggestion from Satan Assail thy {mind}, seek refuge with Allah; for He heareth and knoweth {all things}" (Al A'raf, 200).
The Prophetic Hadith:
Ma'adh Bin Jabal said: "Two men quarreled in the presence of the Prophet (PBUH) till the face of one of them seemed full of anger. The Prophet (PBUH) said: "I know a word that will remove his anger if he said it. It is: I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed devil"..
And:
"If one of you becomes angry while he is standing, let him sit down. If his anger is not removed, let him lie down".
And:
"Anger is an ember in the heart of the son of Adam. Can't you see the redness of his eyes and swallowing of his jugular veins? If any one of you has this feeling, the ground, the ground {let him lie on the ground}".
And:
"Fire is extinguished with water, so if any of you becomes angry, let his perform ablution".
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Fourthly-The second part of arrangement and treatment:
Epistemic intellectual treatment:
1-Reminding the child that there is power greater than the power of the excited, and defining this power, such as the power of Allah over him and that of the fair ruler. This method is useful in treating Al Hura'.


The Holy Qur'an:
"He said: This has been given to me because of a certain knowledge which I have. Did he not know that Allah had destroyed, before him, {Whole} generations, which were superior to him in strength and greater in the amount {of riches} they had collected?" (Al Qasas, 78).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"Abu Ma'ud Al Badri said: When I was beating a slave of mine with a whip, I heard a voice behind me saying: 'Know Aba Mas'ud'. I was not aware of the voice because of my anger. When the person came close to me, I recognized him to be the Prophet (PBUH). He said to me: 'Know Aba Mas'ud, know Aba Mas'ud'. I dropped the whip from my hand. He continued saying: Know Aba Mas'ud that the Exalted Allah is more powerful than you are on the slave. Abu Mas'ud said: "From now on, I shall never beat a slave".
2-Reminding the enraged of the favor of forgiveness and pardon or defining it to him which is a useful method of treatment in the malady of Hura'.

The Holy Qur'an:
"let them forgive and overlook, do you not wish that Allah should forgive you? For Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful " (An Nur, 22).
The prophetic Hadith:
"The Exalted Allah swears by three person. One of them is the one who forgives the others. This person will be more honored by the Exalted Allah. So forgive the others, so that Allah makes you more honored".
In the Gospel of Mathew, Peters asked Jesus Christ:
"How many times should I forgive my brother when he wrongs me? Is it seven times?
Jesus Christ answered: "I do not say seven times, but seventy."
In the Gospel Of Luke, Jesus Christ said:
"Forgive the others so that you may be forgiven".
3-Reminding the enraged of a good example to alleviate his anger, or defining it:

The Holy Qur'an:
"All that we relate to thee of the stories of the messengers- with it We make firm thy heart" (Hud, 120).

The Prophetic Hadith:
Abdul Allah Ibn Mas'ud (ABPWH) said:
"The Prophet (PBUH) distributed provision among some people. One of them said: 'This is s division that is not intended for the sake of Allah'. When I went to the Prophet (PBUH) and told him about what the man had said, anger appeared on his face,. Then he said: "Peace be upon Moses. He was more wronged by his people and he was patient".
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4-Reminding the enraged that the one who enrages him has the same feelings as his, or defining it:
The Exalted Allah said:
"Do ye enjoin right conduct on the people, and forget {to practise it} yourselves" (Al Baqarah, 44).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"If you want to mention the faults of the others, remember your faults first".
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5-Reminding the depressed of the blessings of patience or defining it.
This method is useful in treating depression.

The Holy Qur'an:
"Good is (the reward) for those who do good in this world" (Az Zumur, 10).

The Prophetic Hadith:
"The one who tries to be patient, Allah makes him patient. No one is given a favor greater than patience".

6-Directing the child to the knowledge of another notion required by the mind. This method is beneficial in treating depression.

The Holy Qur'an:
"But it is possible that ye dislike a thing which is good for you, and that ye love a thing which is bad for you. But Allah knoweth, and ye know not" (Al Baqarah, 216).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"If a Muslim gets into trouble, certainly his sins will be obliterated, even the thorn that harms him".

7-Reminding the patient of the Decree of Allah and His Predestination. It is a useful method in treating depression.

The Holy Qur'an:
"No misfortune can happen on earth or in your souls but is recorded in a decree before We bring it into existence: that is truly easy for Allah: In order that ye may not despair over matters that pass you by, nor exult over favours bestowed upon you. For Allah loveth, not any vainglorious boaster" (Al Hadid, 22-23).
The Prophetic Hadith:
"Everything is proportionate, even weakness and sagacity".
In the Gospel of Mathew, Jesus Christ said:
"How should fate, ordained in the Books which said that this should happen, be accomplished?"
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From the above mentioned, it is obvious that the religious sources, particularly, Islamic sources, are invaluable treasure that contemporary researches should avail themselves of. The above research opens the door for scrupulous and analytic study of other psychological maladies, resorting to religious sources. Certainly, the greatest thing religion presents is refining of and taming the souls so that they be promoted to the best possible state.